Epistemic acceptability of indicative conditionals in Igor Douven

Authors

  • João Lennon da Silva Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
  • Roberto Hofmeister Pich Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23925/2316-5278.2025v26i1:e69102

Keywords:

Adams’s Thesis, Conditional probability, Conditionals, Experimental epistemology, Indicative conditionals

Abstract

Acceptability designates justified or rational believability. In the much-disputed theoretical field on conditionals, the acceptability conditions of conditionals is one of the few topics where some consensus has been reached. Discussing the acceptability conditions of conditionals is to state under which circumstances it is epistemically appropriate to hold a conditional belief. One of the most widely accepted interpretations among philosophers is that the acceptability of a conditional follows from its respective conditional probability. This is one possible reading of E. W. Adams’s thesis, originally formulated as a theory of the assertability of conditionals. In philosophical literature, it is not uncommon to find those who defend the descriptive correctness of Adams's thesis, which implies the correctness of the acceptability conditions entailed by it. For I. Douven, this defense is mistaken, as its rejection can be supported by empirical findings. Results from experimental studies conducted by him and S. Verbrugge suggest that neither Adams’s original thesis nor some of its weakened versions found in the literature are descriptively accurate. This does not imply that the acceptability of conditionals cannot be framed in probabilistic terms; rather, it suggests that the available probabilistic theses require adjustments to establish more accurate descriptive conditions for acceptability. This paper aims to review epistemic theories of conditionals, particularly Adams’s thesis considering the experimental results obtained by Douven and Verbrugge. Accordingly, what is sought is a reflection on the role empirical approaches might assume within the philosophical theorization at hand.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

João Lennon da Silva, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

Possui bacharelado em Sistemas de Informação pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Atualmente é aluno de mestrado na área de epistemologia analítica sob orientação do professor Roberto H. Pich na PUCRS. Tem amplo interesse em lógica, com seu projeto de dissertação focado na lógica e semântica dos condicionais e no inferencialismo. 

Roberto Hofmeister Pich, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

Possui Bacharelado e Licenciatura em Filosofia pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (1996, UFRGS). É Bacharel em Teologia pela Escola Superior de Teologia (1996, EST). Possui Doutorado em Filosofia pela Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (2001), Alemanha. Como Bolsista da Alexander von Humbodt-Stiftung, realizou estudos de Pós-Doutorado na Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (2005), no Albertus-Magnus-Institut e na Universität Bonn (2007 e 2011). Como Bolsista da Comissão Fulbright, realizou Pós-Doutorado na University of Notre Dame, Indiana USA (2010). Atuamente é Professor Titular da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), onde atua no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia e no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teologia. Na área de Filosofia, atua em especial nas ênfases Filosofia na Idade Média, Metafísica, Epistemologia e Filosofia da Religião. Na área de Teologia, atua em especial nas ênfases Teologia Sistemática e História da Igreja. De 2009-2017, foi Bolsista de Produtividade do CNPq, Nível 2; atualmente, é Bolsista de Produtividade do CNPq, Nível 1B. Desde 2011, coordena, com o apoio do Programa Geral de Cooperação Internacional (PGCI) da CAPES o Projeto Scholastica colonialis: A Recepção e o Desenvolvimento da Escolástica Barroca na América Latina, séculos 16-18. É membro da Société Internationale pour lÉtude de la Philosophie Médiévale (SIEPM), de cujo Bureau foi, de 2012/2 a 2017/2, Assessor e do qual, de 2017/2 a 2022/2,, foi Vice-Presidente. Desde 2017, é Pesquisador Fundador do Centro de Estudos Europeus e Alemães (CDEA - DAAD/PUCRS/UFRGS), em Porto Alegre / RS. Em 06 de fevereiro de 2019, recebeu a designação, pelo reitor da Universidade de Bonn / Alemanha (Prof. Dr. Michael Hoch), de "Bonn University Ambassador" (Embaixador da Universidade de Bonn). De janeiro de 2022 a abril de 2024, foi o Presidente do Corpo Diretor do Clube Humboldt do Brasil

References

ADAMS, E. W. Probability and the Logic of Conditionals. In: HINTIKKA, J.; SUPPES, P. (eds.). Aspects of Inductive Logic. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 1966. p. 265–316.

ADAMS, E. W. The Logic of Conditionals: An Application of Probability to Deductive Logic. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1975.

BENNETT, Jonathan. A Philosophical Guide to Conditionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

DOUVEN, I. The Epistemology of Indicative Conditionals: Formal and Empirical Approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

DOUVEN, I. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Conditionals. In: SYTSMA, Justin (ed.). A Companion to Experimental Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 2016. p. 545-555.

DOUVEN, I.; VERBRUGGE, S. The Adams Family. Cognition, v. 117, n. 3, p. 302–318, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.08.015

EDGINGTON, D. On Conditionals. Mind, Oxford University Press, v. 104, n. 414, p. 235–329, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/104.414.235

EGRÉ, P; ROTT, H. The Logic of Conditionals. In: ZALTA, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Winter 2021 Edition. Disponível em: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/logic-conditionals/. Acesso em: 8 jun. 2024.

GÄRDENFORS, P. Belief Revisions and the Ramsey Test for Conditionals. Philosophical Review, Durham: Duke University Press, v. 95, n. 1, p. 81–93, 1986. https://doi.org/10.2307/2185133

KAHNEMAN, D; TVERSKY, A. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science, v. 185, n. 4157, p. 1124-1131, 1974. Disponível em: https://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~schaller/Psyc590Readings/TverskyKahneman1974.pdf. Acesso em: 25 Out. 2024.

KNEALE, W.; KNEALE, M. The Development of Logic. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.

LEWIS, D. Probabilities of Conditionals and Conditional Probabilities. In: HARPER, W.; STALNAKER, R. (Ed.). Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1981. p. 129–147.

MCGEE, V. Conditional Probabilities and Compounds of Conditionals. The Philosophical Review, Durham: Duke University Press, v. 90, n. 4, p. 557–581, 1989. https://doi.org/10.2307/2185116

PEIRCE, C. S. Pragmatismo e Pragmaticismo. Coleção Os Pensadores. vol. 43. Trad. Armando Mora D’Oliveira e Sérgio Pomerangblum. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1979, p. 43–49.

RAMSEY, F. P. General Propositions and Causality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. p. 145–163.

STALNAKER, R. Probability and Conditionals. In: HARPER, W.; STALNAKER, R. (Ed.). Ifs: Conditionals, Belief, Decision, Chance, and Time. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1981. p. 107–128.

Published

2025-05-05

How to Cite

Silva, J. L. da, & Pich, R. H. . (2025). Epistemic acceptability of indicative conditionals in Igor Douven. Cognitio: Revista De Filosofia, 26(1), e69102. https://doi.org/10.23925/2316-5278.2025v26i1:e69102

Issue

Section

Cognitio-Studies Papers