SALVAGUARDAR LA SOSTENIBILIDAD ORBITAL: ABORDAR LA SALIDA DE SATÉLITES IMPULSADOS POR IA POR ACTORES NO ESTATALES EN VIRTUD DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2025v16i2p124-134Palabras clave:
Inteligencia Artificial, Desorbitación, Tratado del Espacio Ultraterrestre, Convenio de Responsabilidad, CiberseguridadResumen
La intersección de la inteligencia artificial (IA) y la seguridad espacial presenta desafíos legales y operativos sin precedentes, particularmente cuando actores no estatales explotan la IA para apuntar a infraestructura espacial crítica. Este documento examina las ramificaciones legales bajo el derecho internacional de un escenario en el que un satélite de navegación es desorbitado deliberadamente a través de medios habilitados por IA por actores no estatales. Los acuerdos existentes, como el Convenio sobre Responsabilidad (1972) y el Tratado sobre el Espacio Ultraterrestre (1967), proporcionan estructuras fundamentales, pero no abordan directamente las dificultades asociadas con la atribución en el ciberespacio y la complejidad de los sistemas autónomos. El examen analiza los límites de la responsabilidad basada en fallas, la responsabilidad estatal y las nuevas pautas de diligencia debida en la gobernanza espacial. Se presta especial atención a la función de las herramientas jurídicas y de derecho cibernético para mitigar los riesgos relacionados con la IA. El documento concluye abogando por la evolución de los instrumentos legales internacionales, incorporando disposiciones específicas de IA y estableciendo mecanismos cooperativos mejorados para salvaguardar los activos espaciales de amenazas emergentes no tradicionales.
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